How to Make a Freedom of Information Request in the UK

Making a Freedom of Information request is simpler than many people think. Whether you want council spending figures, NHS waiting times, or police data, the process follows the same basic steps. This guide walks you through making an effective request that gets results.

Step one: Identify the right organisation Freedom of Information requests go to public authorities, not private companies. This includes local councils, government departments, NHS trusts, police forces, schools, and universities. If you're unsure whether an organisation qualifies, the Information Commissioner's Office maintains a public register of bodies covered by the Act.

Step two: Be specific about what you need Vague requests often lead to rejection or delays. Instead of asking "what does the council spend money on," ask for "spending over £5,000 by the council in 2024." Specific requests help organisations locate information quickly and increase your chances of getting useful data.

Step three: Contact the organisation Most authorities have a dedicated email address or online form for FOI requests. Check their website for the correct contact point—often listed as "make a freedom of information request" or "FOI team." Some organisations accept requests by post or phone, but email creates a useful record.

Step four: Understand the timeline Organisations have 20 working days to respond. This doesn't include weekends or bank holidays. During busy periods, responses may take the full 20 days, but many authorities respond faster. If they need more time, they must tell you within the initial 20 days and explain why.

Step five: Know what you might receive You'll typically get one of four outcomes:

• Full release of the information you requested
• Partial release with some information withheld under exemptions
• A refusal with explanation of which exemption applies
• A notice that the information doesn't exist

Step six: Appeal if necessary If you're unhappy with the response, ask the organisation to review their decision (internal review). If that fails, contact the Information Commissioner's Office, which investigates free of charge.

Useful tips for better results: Keep your request concise—longer requests are harder to process. Avoid asking for opinion or analysis; stick to facts and records. If possible, ask for data in electronic format, which organisations can provide more easily. Finally, be polite and clear; authorities are more helpful when treated respectfully.

Many people successfully use FOI requests to investigate local issues, check on public spending, or understand how services operate. The process exists to make government transparent and accountable to citizens.